Introduction to China wellhead equipment

Introduction to China wellhead equipment

China wellhead equipment Wellhead equipment is used to connect the oil tubing and casing pipe to an oil or gas pipeline. It also can be used for such operations as acid fracturing, water-flooding and testing, and satisfy different working conditions featured by reliable sealing and safe work. The casing or casing pipe is a permanently-installed pipe for lining the well hole to provide pressure containment and prevent collapse of the well hole. The wellhead equipment is a kind of flanged device that attaches to the casing, which is used to suspend the casing strings and help seal the well.

Wellhead equipment consist of components such as Casing head, casing spools, tubing head spools, tees, and crosses. The casing head is used to connect the casing and the wellhead itself. Normally, multiple pieces of wellhead equipment are integrated into a wellhead assembly, which is called a "Christmas tree". This wellhead assembly allows tubes to be placed into the well while valves and chokes are used to control the flow of oil and/or gas at the surface.

Wellhead equipment may be located on offshore platforms, in sub-sea locations, or onshore. Wellheads are cemented in place and, typically, kept in place. Wellhead equipment is designed to support the casing and tubing strings, which may also be suspended from the Christmas tree. In this way, wellhead equipment provides a seal between the different strings and permits access to the annuli between them. The main components of a wellhead system include the casing head, casing spools, casing hangers, pack-offs and isolation seals, bowl protectors, test plugs, mud-line suspension systems, tubing heads, tubing hangers and tubing head adapters. Basic requirements for materials, dimensions, test procedures, and pressure ratings for wellheads and wellhead equipment are defined on API Spec 6A: Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment from the American Petroleum Institute (API).

Wellheads are made by different methods and for different purposes. There are many factors which affect a wellhead s configuration, including pressure, temperature, location, well depth, well size, well purpose, expected well life, well control equipment interface, and drilling method. Based on applications, wellhead equipment is used for casing suspension and to provide pressure isolation when multiple casings are used. Wellhead equipment also provide a way to connect blow-out preventers (BOPs) during drilling. In addition, wellhead equipment is used to provide a method for connecting a tree for well-control during production, injection, or other operations.

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