2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷

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2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷

Section Ⅰ Use of English

Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　Inour contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even lookingat -- a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree bythe way they fiddle with their phones, even without a  1  underground.

　　It'sa sad reality -- our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings --because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the strangerstanding by you. But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sendsthe 4 : "Please don't approach me."

　　Whatis it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?

　　Oneanswer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fearrejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,". We fear we'll be 7 .We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with ourfriends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. "Phones become oursecurity blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses thatprotect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 ."

　　Butonce we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up,it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientistsNicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable:Start a 13 . The duo had Chicagotrain commuters talk to their fellow 14. "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the sametrain station to 15 how they would feel after talking to astranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on theirown," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expecta positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single personreported having been snubbed."



　　 18, these commutes were reportedly moreenjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 humanbeings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make youfeel connected.

1.[A] ticket          [B] permit      [C] signal        [D] record
2.[A] nothing        [B] little        [C] another       [D] much
3.[A] beaten         [B]guided      [C]plugged        [D]brought
4.[A] message       [B] code       [C] notice          [D] sign
5.[A] under          [B] beyond     [C] behind        [D] from
6.[A]misapplied      [B]mismatched   [C]misadjusted    [D] misinterpreted
7.[A] replaced       [B] fired         [C] judged        [D] delayed
8.[A]unreasonable    [B]ungrateful    [C]unconventional   [D] unfamiliar
9.[A] comfortable     [B] confident    [C] anxious       [D] angry
10.[A] attend         [B] point        [C] take           [D] turn
11.[A] dangerous     [B] mysterious    [C] violent         [D] boring
12.[A] hurt           [B]resist         [C]bend          [D] decay
13.[A] lecture        [B]conversation   [C] debate        [D] negotiation
14.[A] passengers    [B] employees    [C] researchers    [D] trainees
15.[A] reveal         [B] choose      [C] predict        [D] design
16.[A] voyage        [B] ride         [C] walk        [D] flight
17.[A] went through   [B]did away     [C] caught up    [D] put up
18.[A] in turn        [B]in fact       [C]in particular    [D] in consequence
19.[A] unless         [B] since       [C] if           [D] whereas
20.[A] funny          [B] logical      [C] simple       [D] rare

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A
Directions：
Read the followingfour texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text1

　　Anew study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually morestressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s control. Which isit at stress marker. While they were at work and while they were at home andfound it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge。

　　“Furthercontradicting conventional wisdom we found that women as well as men have lowerlevels of stress at work than at home” writes one of the researchers. SarahDamaske In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. “it is men notwomen. Who report being happier at home than at work” Another surprise is thatthe findings hold true for both those with children and without but more so fornon parents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health。

　　Whatthe study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ reat home whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. Formany men the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay homethey never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the homethey often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring ofroles and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in makingadjustments for working women it’ s not surprising that women are more stressedat home。

　　Butit’s not just a gender thing. At work people pretty much know what they’resupposed to be doing: working making money doing the tasks they have to do inorder to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours ofphysical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola。

　　Onthe home front however people have no such clarity. Rare is the household inwhich the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. Thereare a lot of tasks to be done there are inadequate rewards for most of them.Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; theyneed to be talked into it or if they’ re teenagers threatened with completeremoval of all electronic devices. Plus they’ re your family. You cannot fireyour family. You never really get to go home from home。

　　Soit’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are thetasks apparently infinite the co-workers are much harder to motivate。



　　21.Accordingto Paragraph 1，most previous surveys foundthat home___________

　　[A]wasan un realistic place for relaxation

　　[B]generatedmore stress than the workplace

　　[C]wasan ideal plac efor stress measurement

　　[D]offeredgreater relaxation than the workplace

　　22.Accordingto Damaske，who are likely to be thehappiest at home?

　　[A]Workingmothers

　　[B]Childlesshusbands

　　[C]Childless wives

　　[D]Workingfathers

　 23.Theblurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that___________

　　[A]theyare both breadwinners and housewives

　　[B]theirhome is also a place for kicking back

　　[C]thereis often much housework left behind

　　[D]itis difficult for them to leave their office

　　24.Theword “moola”(Line4，Para4)most probably means___________

　　[A]energy

　　[B]skills

　　[C]earnings

　　[D]nutrition

　　25.Thehome front differs from the workplace in that_____________

　　[A]homeis hardly a cozier working environment

　　[B]divisionof labor at home is seldom clear-cut

　　[C]householdtasks are generally more motivating

　　[D]familylabor is often adequately rewarded

Text 2

　　Foryears studies have found that first-generation college students-those who donot have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range ofeducation achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout ratesare higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically ifthey succeed in higher education colleges and universities have pushed fordecades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in thatrecruiting first-generation students but then watching many of them fail meansthat higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen rather than close”achievement gap based on social class according to the depressing beginning ofa paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science。

　　Butthe article is actually quite optimistic as it outlines a potential solution tothis problem suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hournext-to-no-cost program)can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured bysuch factors as grades)between first-generation and other students。

　　Theauthors of the paper are from different universities and their findings arebased on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamedprivate university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with afour-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1percent)were recipients of Pell Grants，afederal grant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent ofthe students with at least one parent with a four-year degree

　　Theirthesis-that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact-was basedon the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not inpotential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues thatface most college students They cite past research by several authors to showthat this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap。

　　Manyfirst-generation students’ struggle to navigate the middle-class culture ofhigher education，learnthe rules of the game, and take advantage of college resources” they write Andthis becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the classadvantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US collegesand universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experience，manyfirst-gene ration students lack sight about why they are struggling and do notunderstand how students’ like them can improve



　　26.Recruiting more first-generation students has
　　[A]reducedtheir dropout rates
　　[B]narrowedthe achievement gap
　　[C]missed its original purpose
　　[D]depressedcollege students

　　27The author of the research article are optimistic because
　　[A]theproblem is solvable
　　[B]theirapproach is costless
　　[qthe recruiting rate has increased
　　[D]theirfinding appeal to students

　　28.Thestudy suggests that most first-gene ration students
　　[A]studyat private universities
　　[B]arefrom single-parent families
　　[qare in need of financial support
　　[D]havefailed their collage

　　29.The author of the paper believe that first-generation students
　　[A]areactually indifferent to the achievement gap
　　[B]canhave a potential influence on other students
　　[C]may lack opportunities to apply for research projects
　　[D]areinexperienced in handling their issues at college

　　30.Wemay infer from the last paragraph that――
　　[A]universitiesoften r~ect the culture of the middle-class
　　[B]studentsare usually to blame for their lack of resources
　　[C]socialclass greatly helps en rich educational experiences
　　[D]collegesare partly responsible for the problem in question

Text3

　　Evenin traditional offices，“thelingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much moreright-brained than it was 20 years ago，"saidHarvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn She started spinning off examples。“If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500companies in 1990，wewould see much less frequent use of terms like Journey mission passion. Therewere goals，there were strategies，there were objectives，but we didn’t talk about energy;we didn’ttalk about passion。”

　　Koehnpointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very“team”-oriented-and not by coincidence。“Let’snot forget sDorts-in male-dominated corporate America，it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitlyconscious;it’s the idea that I’m a coach，andyou’re my team，and we’re in this together.There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies，but most think of themselves as coaches andthis is their team and they want to win"。

　　Theseterms are also intended to infuse work with meaning-and，as Khurana points out，increase allegiance to the firm。“You have the importation of terminology thathistorically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religiousorganizations：Terms like vision，values，passion，and purpose，”saidKhurana

　　Thisnew focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amidincreasingly loud debates over work-life balance The “mommy wars” of the 1990sare still going on today prompting arguments about why women still can't haveit all and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In，whosetitle has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，andcapacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home Butif your work is your “passion” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it，even if that means going home for dinner andthen working long after the kids are in bed

　　Butthis seems to be the irony of office speak：Everyonemakes fun of it，butmanagers love it，companiesdepend on it，and regular people willinglyabsorb it As Nunberg said，“Youcan get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it。” In a workplace that’s fundamentallyindifferent to your life and its meaning office speak can help you figure outhow you relate to your work-and how your work defines who you are



　　31.According to NancyKoehn office language has become________
　　[A]moree motional
　　[B]moreobjective
　　[C]lessenergetic
　　[D]lessenergetic
　　[E]lessstrategic

　　32.“team”-orientedcorporate vocabulary is closely related to________
　　[A]historicalincidents
　　[B]genderdifference
　　[C]sportsculture
　　[D]athleticexecutives

　　33.Khuranabelieves that the importation of terminology aims to________
　　[A]revivehistorical terms
　　[B]promotecompany image
　　[C]fostercorporate cooperation
　　[D]strengthenemployee loyalty

　　34.Itcan be inferred that Lean In_________
　　[A]voicesfor working women
　　[B]appealsto passionate workaholics
　　[C]triggersdebates among mommies
　　[D]praisesmotivated employees

　　35.Whichof the following statements is true about office speak?
　　[A]Managersadmire it but avoid it
　　[B]Linguistsbelieve it to be nonsense
　　[C]Companiesfind it to be fundamental
　　[D]Regularpeople mock it but accept it

Text4

　　Manypeople talked of the 288000new jobs the Labor Department reported for Jurealong with the drop in the unemployment take to 6 J percent. at good news. Andthey were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decentpace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment but atleast we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace。

　　Howeverthere is another important part of the jobs picture that was largelyoverlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarilyworking part-time. This figure is now 830000(44 percent)above its year agolevel。

　　Beforeexplaining the connection to the Obamacare it is worth making an importantdistinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase ininvoluntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and itmeans that many people will behaving a very hard time making ends meet。

　　Therewas an increase in involuntary part-time in June but the general direction hasbeen down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before therecession but it is down by 640000(7.9 percent)from its year ago level。

　　Weknow the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employmentbecause people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people ifthey worked less than 35hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes。”they are classified as working part-time.The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that weekbecause they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice.They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the surveytaker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week。

　　Theissue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the mainpurposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For manypeople especially those with serious health conditions or family members withserious health conditions before Obamacare the only way to get insurance wasthrough a job that provided health insurance。

　　HoweverObamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurancethrough Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously havefelt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to coverthemselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link betweenemployment and insurance。



　　36.Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?
　　A.The prospect of a thriving job market。
　　B.The increase of voluntary part-time jobs。
　　C.The possibility of full employment。

D.The acceleration of job creation。

　　37. Many people work part-time because they
　　A. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs
　　B. feel that is enough to make ends meet
　　C. cannot get their hands on full-time jobs
　　D. haven' t seen the weakness of the market

　　38. Involuntary part-time employment in theUS
　　A. is harder to acquire than one year ago
　　B. shows a general tendency of decline
　　C. satisfies the real need of the jobless
　　D. is lower than before the recession

　　39. It can be learned that with Obamacare 。
　　A. it is no longer easy for part-timers toget insurance
　　B. employment is no longer a precondition toget insurance
　　C. it is still challenging to get insurancefor family members

D.full-time employment is still essential for insurance

　　40. The text mainly discusses 。
　　A. employment in the US
　　B. part-timer classification
　　C. insurance through Medicaid
　　D. Obamacare’s trouble



Part B
Directions：
Read the followingtext and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from thelist A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45).There are two extra subheadingswhich you do not need to use. Make your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)

　　[A]You are not alone

　　[B]Experience helps you grow

　　[C]Pave your own unique path

　　[D]Most of your fears are unreal

　　[E]Think about the present moment

　　[F]Don’t fear responsibility for your life

　　[G]There are many things to be grateful for

　　Some Old Truths to Help You Overcome ToughTimes

　　Unfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. Weare going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grievingvarious kinds of loss: a friendship, romantic relationship or a house .Hardtimes may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time,but you should remember that they won’t last forever.

　　When our time of mourning is over, we pressforward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life.Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward futureopportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old truths I’velearned along the way.

　　41._______________________________

　　Fear is both useful and harmful. This normalhuman reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us todeal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help ofexaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real.It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is veryreal. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just theproduct of our luxuriant imagination.

　　42.________________________________

　　If you are surrounded by problems and cannotstop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of usare weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guiltover your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things andcircumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember howfortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keepthe eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point offuture and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed intothe present.

　　43.________________________________

　　Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because youare going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problemsthat you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong peopleprefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining aboutsomething.

　　44._______________________________

　　No matter how isolated you might feel and howserious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone.Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if youare trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest andnearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant goodhumor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try toparticipate in several online communities, full of people who are alwayswilling to share advice and encouragement.

　　45._______________________________

　　Today many people find it difficult to trusttheir own opinion and seek balance by gaining ivity from external sources. Thisway you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing yourown life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you shouldbelieve in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live inyour skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your ownchoices.



Part C Translation
Directions:
Translate thefollowing text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWERSHEET 2. (15 points)

　　Think about driving a route that’s veryfamiliar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home.Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. Onthese sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and paylittle attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceivethat the trip has taken less time than it actually has.

　　This is the well-travelled road effect:people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.

　　The effect is caused by the way we allocateour attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have toconcentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we cometo think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t paymuch attention to it. So we assume it was proportionately shorter.

Section III Writing

Part A
47. Directions:

　　Suppose your university is going to host asummer camp for high school students. Write a notice to
　　1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and
　　2) call for volunteers.
　　Your should write about 100 words on theANSWER SHEET.
　　Donot use your name or the name of youruniversity.
　　Donot write your address.(10 points)

48.Directions:
　　Write an essay based on the following chart.you should
　　1) interpret the chart and
　　2) give your comments.
　　You should write about 150 words on theANSWER SHEET.(15 points).