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SectionI Use of EnglishDirections： Read the following text. Choosethe best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)
The Internet affords anonymity toits users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymityis also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringingsafety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ? Last month, Howard Schmidt, thenation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntarytrusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photoID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identitycard, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticateusers at a range of online services. The idea is to 8 afederation of private online identity systems. User could 9 whichsystem to join, and only registered users whose identities have beenauthenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with onethat would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government. Google and Microsoft are amongcompanies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possiblefor users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” ncyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish asense of a 13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a“voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can completeonline transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and theidentities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”. Still, the administration’s planhas 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud theapproach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is aninitiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’slicense” mentality. The plan has also been greetedwith 18 by some computer security experts, who worrythat the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave muchof the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in thesame way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1. A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden 2. A.for B.within C.while D.though 3. A.careless B.lawless C.pointless D.helpless 4. A.reason B.reminder C.compromise D.proposal 5. A.information B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent 6. A.by B.into C.from D.over 7. A.linked B.directed C.chained D.compared 8. A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve 9. A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize 10. A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered 11. A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.login 12. A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.Incontrast 13. A.trusted B.modernized C.thriving D.competing 14. A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience 15. A.on B.after C.beyond D.across 16. A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united 17. A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually 18. A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm 19. A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible 20. A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forced
SectionII Reading Comprehension PartA Directions: Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)
Text 1 Ruth Simmons joined GoldmanSachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she becamepresident of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparentlymanaged both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee;how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? ByFebruary the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was justtaking up too much time, she said. Outside directors are supposed toserve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. Having madetheir wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enoughindependence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, andthe share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advicebased on having weathered their own crises. The researchers from OhioUniversity used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checkedwhich directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reasonfor departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those“surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount thatafter a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequentlyhave to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being namedin a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely toperform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although acorrelation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm issuggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off asinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for largerand more stable firms. But the researchers believe thatoutside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputationsif they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history showsthey were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want tokeep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once againvery popular on campus. 21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms.Simmons was criticized for . [A]gaining excessive profits [B]failing to fulfill her duty [C]refusing to make compromises [D]leaving the board in toughtimes 22. We learn from Paragraph 2that outside directors are supposed to be . [A]generous investors [B]unbiased executives [C]share price forecasters [D]independent advisers 23. According to the researchersfrom Ohio University after an outside director’s surprise departure, the firmis likely to . [A]become more stable [B]report increased earnings [C]do less well in the stockmarket [D]perform worse in lawsuits 24. It can be inferred from thelast paragraph that outside directors . [A]may stay for the attractiveoffers from the firm [B]have often had records ofwrongdoings in the firm [C]are accustomed to stress-freework in the firm [D]will decline incentives fromthe firm 25. The author’s attitude towardthe role of outside directors is . [A]permissive [B]positive [C]scornful [D]critical
Text2 Whatever happened to the death ofnewspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to removethe advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet.Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom.America’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to savenewspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the statesubsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions nowseem out of date. In much of the world there is thesign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession.Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the globalindustry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20%profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same. It has not been much fun. Manypapers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society ofNews Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readersare paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refusedelivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the rightones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further. Newspapers are becoming morebalanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers andadvertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance onads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according tothe Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japanthe proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much morestable. The whirlwind that swept throughnewsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated inareas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone.So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have beensavagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness isno longer a virtue in the newspaper business. 26. By saying “Newspapers like …their own doom” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper . [A]neglected the sign of crisis [B]failed to get state subsidies [C]were not charitablecorporations [D]were in a desperate situation 27. Some newspapers refuseddelivery to distant suburbs probably because . [A]readers threatened to pay less [B]newspapers wanted to reducecosts [C]journalists reported littleabout these areas [D]subscribers complained aboutslimmer products 28. Compared with their Americancounterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they . [A]have more sources of revenue [B]have more balanced newsrooms [C]are less dependent onadvertising [D]are less affected byreadership 29. What can be inferred from thelast paragraph about the current newspaper business? [A]Distinctiveness is anessential feature of newspapers. [B]Completeness is to blame forthe failure of newspaper. [C]Foreign bureaus play a crucialrole in the newspaper business. [D]Readers have lost theirinterest in car and film reviews. 30. The most appropriate titlefor this text would be . [A]American Newspapers:Struggling for Survival [B]American Newspapers: Gone withthe Wind [C]American Newspapers: AThriving Business [D]American Newspapers: A HopelessStory
Text 3 We tend to think of the decadesimmediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, withsoldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Billand lining up at the marriage bureaus. But when it came to their houses,it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more.During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, andthat restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, madesmall, efficient housing positively stylish. Economic condition was only astimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more” wasactually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe,who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design,emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at Americanarchitecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on thecourse of American architecture, but none more so that Mies. Mies’s signature phrase meansthat less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance,he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, heemployed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for grantedtoday buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticatedpresentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small andefficient, rather than big and often empty. The apartments in the elegant towersMies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroomunits under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along thecity’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, theviews they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions,the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time. The trend toward “less” was notentirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modestand efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreadingtwo-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century. The “Case Study Houses”commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts &Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrowninfluence on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from thelandscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House,Ralph everyday life – few American families acquired helicopters, though mosteventually got clothes dryers – but his belief that self-sufficiency was bothdesirable and inevitable was widely shared. 31. The postwar American housingstyle largely reflected the Americans’ . [A]prosperity and growth [B]efficiency and practicality [C]restraint and confidence [D]pride and faithfulness 32. Which of the following can beinferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus? [A]It was founded by Ludwig Miesvan der Rohe. [B]Its designing concept wasaffected by World War II. [C]Most American architects usedto be associated with it. [D]It had a great influence uponAmerican architecture. 33. Mies held that elegance ofarchitectural design . [A]was related to large space [B]was identified with emptiness [C]was not reliant on abundantdecoration [D]was not associated withefficiency 34. What is true about theapartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive? [A]They ignored details andproportions. [B]They were built with materialspopular at that time. [C]They were more spacious thanneighboring buildings. [D]They shared somecharacteristics of abstract art. 35. What can we learn about thedesign of the “Case Study House”? [A]Mechanical devices were widelyused. [B]Natural scenes were taken intoconsideration [C]Details were sacrificed forthe overall effect. [D]Eco-friendly materials wereemployed.
Text4 Will the European Union make it?The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project’sgreatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt,population decline and lower growth. As well as those chronicproblems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countriesthat use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’seconomies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the disciplineof sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fixof devaluation. Yet the debate about how to saveEurope’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because theeuro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greaterharmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies. Germany thinks the euro must besaved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, barked byquasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might includethreats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even thesuspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insiststhat economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, amongwhom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour;in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour Frenchinterference. A “southern” camp headed byFrench wants something different: ”European economic government” within aninner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians interveningin monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorermembers, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds orcomplete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government havemurmured, curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization:e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs. It is too soon to write off theEU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the Europeanproject is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poorcountries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labourthan any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt thesharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign. 36. The EU is faced with so manyproblems that . [A] it has more or less lostfaith in markets [B] even its supporters begin tofeel concerned [C] some of its member countriesplan to abandon euro [D] it intends to deny thepossibility of devaluation 37. The debate over the EU’s singlecurrency is stuck because the dominant powers . [A] are competing for the leadingposition [B] are busy handling their owncrises [C] fail to reach an agreement onharmonization [D] disagree on the steps towardsdisintegration 38. To solve the euro problem,Germany proposed that . [A] EU funds for poor regions beincreased [B] stricter regulations beimposed [C] only core members be involvedin economic co-ordination [D] voting rights of the EUmembers be guaranteed 39. The French proposal ofhandling the crisis implies that __ __. [A]poor countries are more likelyto get funds [B]strict monetary policy will beapplied to poor countries [C]loans will be readilyavailable to rich countries [D]rich countries will basicallycontrol Eurobonds 40. Regarding the future of theEU, the author seems to feel __ __. [A]pessimistic [B]desperate [C]conceited [D]hopeful
PartB Directions 7选5) In the following text, somesentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitableone from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are twoextra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET 1. (10 points)
Such a move could affect firmssuch as McDonald’s, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by theFootball Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering “inducements”such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers,Stephenson said. Professor Dinesh Bhugra, presidentof the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: “If children are taught about theimpact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at leastinformation is available up front.” He also urged councils to impose“fast-food-free zones” around school and hospitals-areas within which takeawayscannot open. A Department of Healthspokesperson said: “We need to create a new vision for public health where allof society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includescreating a new ‘responsibility deal’ with business, built on socialresponsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a whitepaper setting out exactly how we will achieve this.” The food industry willbe alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially thecall to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smokingover the last decade.
| [A] “fat taxes” should be imposed on fast-food producers such as McDonald’s. | | 41.Andrew Lansley held that | [B] the government should ban fast-food outlets in the neighborhood of schools. | | 42.Terence Stephenson agreed that | [C] “lecturing” was an effective way to improve school lunches in England. | | 43.Jamie Oliver seemed to believe that | [D] cigarette-style warnings should be introduced to children about the dangers of a poor diet. | | 44.Dinesh Bhugra suggested that | [E] the producers of crisps and candies could contribute significantly to the Change4Life campaign. | | 45.A Department of Health Spokesperson propsed that | [F] parents should set good examples for their children by keeping a healthy diet at home. |
| [G] the government should strengthen the sense of responsibility among businesses. |
46.Direction： In this section there is a textin English. Translate it into Chinese, write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (15points)
Who would have thought that,globally, the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gasesas the world’s airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions? Many everyday tasks take asurprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right”answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintainvast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. Whileproducing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat,so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy. However,Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and makeimprovements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but thereis much to be done, and not just by big companies.
SectionIV Writing PartA 47Directions: 1.Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Writehim/her a letter to 1)congratulate him/her, and 2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life. Youshould write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Donot sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead. Donot write the address. (10 points)
2.write a short essay baesd on the following chart.in your writing,you should: 1)interpretthe chart and 2)giveyour comments youshould write at least 150 wrods writeyour essay on answer sheet 2(15points) 2008、2009年国内轿车市场部分【品牌份额示意图】
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发表于 2015-11-10 14:01:41
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