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Part I Vocabulary and Structure Direction: There are 20 incomplete sentences in thispart. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose theONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.
1.The poor lady was too______and distressed to talk about the tragedy. A.engaged B. exhausted C.ignorant D. energetic 2.At fist _____,the famous painting doesn't impress the audience at all. A.glance B. gaze C. stare D. view 3.Delegates agree to the plan in ____ , but there were some details they didn'tapprove. A.discipline B. theory C. principle D. nature 4.I took the medicine 10minutes ago, but the bitterness is still_____ in mymouth. A.scattering B. felling C. maintaining D.lingering 5.Since the_____of human history, human beings have been asking questions like"What is the essence of life." A.dusk B. dust C. twinkle D. Dawn 6.The eldest son _____all the family members to discuss how to celebrate the 50thwedding anniversary of their parents. A.Clustered B. resembled C. assembled D. rendered 7.I must leave now, _________, if you want that book I'll bring it you tomorrow. A.Accidentally B. Incidentally C.Occasionally D.Subsequently 8.My mother is a light sleeper, to any sound even as low as the humming of mosquito. A.alert B. acute C.keen D. immune 9.The newly built factory is in urgent need of a number of skilled and_________workers. A.consistent B. conscious C.confidential D. conscientious 10.As an outstanding scholar, he has become ____to the research team. A.senior B. junior C. indispensible D. independent 11.Sixteen days after the earthquake, 40people, ____ in their village, wererescued. A.trapped B. confined C. enclosed D. captured 12.Working far away from home, Jerry had to _____ from downtown to his officeeveryday. A.wander B. commute C. ramble D. motion 13.The finance minister has not been so _____since he raised taxes to anunbearable level. A.famous B. favorable C. popular D.preferable 14.It is unimaginable for someone in such a high____ in the government to behaveso badly in public. A.situation B. position C. profession D.appointment 15.Information given to employees must be ____, clear and in easy-to-followlanguage. A.convenient B. continuous C. constant D. concise 16.John was very upset because he was ____ by the police with breaking the law. A.sentenced B. arrested C. accused D.charged 17.David likes country life and has decided____farming. A.go in for B. go back on C.go along with D. go through with 18.Jennifer has never really ____ her son's death. It's very hard to accept theface that she'll never have a child. A.come to terms with B. come up against C.come out with D. come down to 19.A national debate is now ____ about whether we should replace golden weeks withpaid Vacations. A.in the way B. by the way C. under way D. out of the way 20.When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selectspeople ____and asks them questions. A.at ease B. at random C. in essence vD. in sum
SectionII Cloze Directions: Read thefollowing passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10points)
In1999,the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had 21 the $100 abarrel mark. The reasons for the surge 22 from the dramatic growth of theeconomies of china and India to widespread 23 in oil-producing regions,including Iraq and Nigeria’s delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have 24 theeconomic and political map of the world, 25 some old notions of power. Oil-richnations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities, 26 majorimporters—including china and India, home to a third of the world’spopulation-- 27 rising economic and social costs. Managingthis new order is fast becoming a central 28 of global politics. Countries thatneed oil are clawing at each other to 29 scarce supplies, and are willing todeal with any government, 30 how unpleasant, to do it . Inmany poor nations with oil, the profits are being , lost to corruption, 31these countries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormousinvestment funds run by foreign governments, 32 some in the west see as a newthreat. Countrieslike Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising oil 33 , a changereflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countriesare reaping benefits, 34 costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany. 35 itimports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with abooming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia 36 128 percentfrom 2001 to 2006. Inthe United States, as already high gas prices rose 37 higher in the spring of2008, the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCainand Obama 38 for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer drivingmonths. And driving habits began to 39 , as sales of small cars jumped and masstransport systems 40 the country reported a sharp increase in riders. 21.A. come B. gone C. crossed D. arrived 22.A. covered B. discovered C. arranged D.ranged 23.A. intensity B. infinity C. insecurity D. instability 24.A. drawn B. redrawn C. retained D. reviewed 25.A. fighting B. struggling C. challenging D. threatening 26.A. and B. while C. thus D. though 27.A. confine B. conflict C. conform D. confront 28.A. problem B. question C. matter D.event 29.A. look for B. lock up C. send out D. keep off 30.A. no matter B. what if C. only if D. in spite of 31.A. abolishing B. depriving C. destroying D. eliminating 32.A. what B. that C. which D. whom 33.A. interests B. taxes C. incomes D. revenues 34.A. as many as B. as good as C. as far as D.as well as 35.A. Although B. Because C. Since D. As 36.A. advanced B. grew C. reduces D. multiplied 37.A. even B. still C. rather D. fairly 38.A. asking B. requesting C. calling D.demanding 39.A. change B. turn C. shift D. transform 40.A. for B. from C. across D. over
PartIII Reading Comprehension
Direction: There are 4passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D. Youshould decide on the best choice. Then blacken the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a pencil.
Questions41 to 45 are based on the following passage:
HenricIbsen, author of the play "A Doll's House", in which a pretty,helpless housewife abandons her husband and children to seek a more seriouslife, would surely have approved.. From January 1st, 2008, all public companiesin Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors arewomen. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.But about 75out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for thegovernment's liking. They will shortly receive a letter informing them thatthey have until the end of February to act , or face the legalconsequences---which could include being dissolved.
Beforethe law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female,according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity .The number has since jumped to36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europeor America's 15% for the Fortune 500.Norway's stock exchange and its mainbusiness lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen." I am againstquotas for women or men as a matter of principle," says Sverre Munck, headof international operations at a media firm. "Board members of public companiesshould be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience, "be says.Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the newlaw.
Companieshave had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it hasbeen difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of thebest women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known inNorwegian business circles as the "golden skirts". One reason for thescarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegiancompanies---they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has beenparticularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries tofind women with a enough experience.
Somepeople worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet onboards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to holdmanagers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the rightwomen can make strong directors. "Women feel more compelled than men to dotheir homework," says Ms Reksten Skaugen, who was voted Norway's chairmanof the year for 2007, "and we can afford to ask the hard questions,because women are not always expected to know the answers."
41.The author mentions Ibsen's play in the first paragraph in order to . A.depict women's dilemma at work B.explain the newly passed law C.support Norwegian government D.introduce the topic under discussion
42.A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to . A.pay a heavy fine B.close down its business C.change to a private business D.sign a document promising to act
43.To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree? A.A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable. B.A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set. C.A common principle should be followed by all companies. D.An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.
44.The author attributes the phenomenon of "golden skirts" to . A.the small number of qualified females in management B.the over-recruitment of female managers in public companies C.the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positions D.the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles
45.The main idea of the passage might be . A.female power and liberation in Norway B.the significance of Henric Ibsen's play C.women's status in Norwegian firms D.the constitution of board members in Norway
Questions46 to 50 are based on the following passage:
Whilethere's never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feelparticularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67.Children with cancer often are treated at pediatric (小儿科的)cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peers, often sittingside-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents.
Inher new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from theperspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she's discoveringlife. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rare from of cancer thathad generated tumors on her liver and lungs.
Ms.Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called herparents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a "full-timehealing addict." Then she picked up the phone and called everyone in heraddress book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result washer own personal "cancer posse": a rock concert tour manager, amodel, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name afew. This club of "cancer babes" offered support, advice and fashiontips, among other things.
Ms.Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, andshe has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn't funny, butMs. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her(Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru), and she even makes second sound fun ("cancerroad trips," she calls them).
Sheleaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practicaltips that reflect the world view of a young adult. "I refused to letcancer ruin my party," she writes. "There are just too many coolthings to do and plan and live for."
Ms.Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips includeusing time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buyingfashionable hospital gowns so you're not stuck with regulation blue or gray andplaying Gloria Gaynor's "I Will Survive" so loud you neighbors callthe police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before youtell the important people in your illness. "People you tell are going tocautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them insteadwith your miracle," she writes.
Whileher advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancerpatient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.
46.Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer? A.Children. B.People in their 20s and 30s. C.Young adults. D.Elderly people.
47.All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _______. A.Kris Carr is a female writer B.Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old. C.Kris Carr works in a cancer center. D.Kris Carr is very optimistic.
48.The phrase "cancer posse" (Line 4, para.3 ) probably refers to________ A.a cancer research organization B.a group of people who suffer from cancer C.people who have recovered from cancer D.people who cope with cancer
49.Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her because ________ A.she is depressed and likes swearing B.she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctor C.she wants to leave the medical advice to doctor D.she tries to leave a good impression on doctor
50.From Kris Carr's cancer tips we may infer that ________ A.she learned to use e-mails after she got cancer B.she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancer C.hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colors D.the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patients
Questions51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
Shoulda leader strive to be loved or feared? This question, famously posed byMachiavelli, lies at the heart of Joseph Nye’snew book. Mr.Nye, a former dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvardand one-time chairman of America’sNational Intelligence Council, is best known for promoting the idea of “softpower”, based on persuasion andinfluence, as a counterpoint to “hardpower”, based on coercion(强迫)and force.
Havinganalyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in hisprevious books, Mr.Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship betweenpower and leadership, in both the political and business spheres. Machiavelli,he notes, concluded that “one ought to be both feared and loved, but as it isdifficult for the two to go together, it is much safer to be feared thanloved.” In short, hard power is preferable to soft power. But modem leadershiptheorists have come to the opposite conclusion.
Thecontext of leadership is changing, the observe, and the historical emphasis onhard power is becoming outdated. In modem companies and democracies, power isincreasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies(等级制)are being undermined, making soft power ever more important. But that does notmean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion. Mr.Nye argues.Instead, he advocates a synthesis of these two views. The conclusion of ThePowers to Lead, his survey of the theory of leadership, is that a combinationof hard and soft power, which he calls “smart power”, is the best approach.
Thedominant theoretical model of leadership at the moment is, apparently, the “transformationalleadership pattern”.Anyone allergic(反感)to management term will already be running for the exit, but Mr.Nye hasperformed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the variousacademic studies and theories of leadership into a single, slim volume. Heexamines different approaches to leadership, the morality of leadership and howthe wider context can determine the effectiveness of a particular leader. Thereare plenty of anecdotes and examples, historical and contemporary, politicaland corporate.
Also,leadership is a slippery subject, and as he depicts various theories, evenMr.Nye never quite nails the jelly to the wall. He is at his most interestingwhen discussing the moral aspects of leadership, in particular, the question ofwhether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders to lie— and he provides ahelpful 12-points summary of his conclusion. A resuming theme is that ascircumstances change, different sorts of leaders are required; a leader whothrives in one environment may struggle in another, and vice versa. Ultimatelythat is just a fancy way of saying that leadership offers no easy answers.
51.From the first two paragraphs we may learn than Mr. Machiavelli’sidea of hard power is ______. A.well accepted by Joseph Nye B.very influential till nowadays C.based on sound theories D.contrary to that of modem leadership theorists
52.Which of the following makes soft power more important today according toMr.Nye? A.Coercion is widespread. B.Morality is devalued. C.Power is no longer concentrated. D.Traditional hierarchies are strengthened
53.In his book the Powers to lead, Mr. Nye has examined all the following aspectsof leadership EXCEPT_____. A.authority B.context C.approaches D.morality
54.Mr. Nye’s book is particularly valuable inthat it _____. A.makes little use of management terms B.summarizes various studies concisely C.serves as an exit for leadership researchers D.sets a model for contemporary corporate leaders
55.According to the author, the most interesting part of Mr. Nye’sbook lies in his _____. A.view of changeable leadership B.definition of good leadership C.summary of leadership history D.discussion of moral leadership
Questions56 to 60are based on the following passage:
Americansdon't like to lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on how you define just what awar is. There are shooting wars—thekind that test patriotism and courage—andthose are the kind at which the U.S excels. But other struggles test thosequalities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or theconstruction of the railroads? If American indulge in a bit of flag—when thejob is done, they earned it.
Nowthere is a similar challenge. Global warming. The steady deterioration(恶化)ofthe very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, andby any measure, the U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world's greenhousegases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn't intend to do awhole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyotoaccords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There arevague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen.But for a country that tightly cites patriotism as one of its core values, theU.S. is taking a pass on what might be the most patriotic struggle of all. It'shard to imagine a bigger fight than one for the survival of a country's coastsand farms, the health of its people and stability of its economy.
Therub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate changeis a global emergency, there's far less agreement on how to fix it. Industryoffers its pans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offertheirs, which too often amount to native wish lists that could weakenAmerican's growth. But let's assume that those interested parties and otherswill always bent the table and will always demand that their voices be heardand that their needs be addressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious,effective plan look like—one that would leave the U.S. both environmentallysafe and economically sound?
Haltingclimate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans foraddressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbonemissions over the next 52 year. And yet by devising a consistent strategy thatmixes and blends pragmatism(实用主义)withambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt theworst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life forfuture generations. Money will do some of the work, but what's needed most iswill. “I'm not saying the challenge isn't almost overwhelming,” says FredKrupp. “But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before.”
56.What does the passage mainly discuss? A.Human wars. B.Economic crisis. C.America's environmental policies. D.Global environment in general.
57.From the last sentence of paragraph 2 we may learn that the survival of acountry's coasts and farms, the health of its people and the stability of itseconomy is__________. A.of utmost importance B.a fight no one can win C.beyond people's imagination D.a less significant issue
58.Judging from the context, the word “rub”(Line1, Para.3)probably means_______. A.friction B.contradiction C.conflict D.problem
59.What is the author's attitude toward America's policies on global warming? A.Critical B.Indifferent C.Supportive D.Compromising
60.The paragraphs immediately following this passage would most probably dealwith___________. A.the new book written by Fred Krupp B.how America can fight against global warming C.the harmful effects of global warming D.how America can tide over economic crisis
SectionIV Translation
Directions:
Inthis section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentencesunderlined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Withthe nation’sfinancial system teetering on a cliff. The compensation arrangements forexecutives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under closeexamination again.
Bankers’excessive risk- taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and hascontinued, to others in the past, in this case, it was fueled by low interestrates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueledbubble in the economy.
Mortgagelenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay themback dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institutionalong the chain, advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load on morerisky mortgage-based assets.
Financialregulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that ledbanks down in this road, in hopes averting the next crisis, which is likely toinvolve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets. But it isworth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied toshort-term profits and revenue’s, and thus encourage bankers to takeirresponsible risks.
PartB
Directions:it is known that text message( 手机短信)hasboth advantages and disadvantages. Some people think it is a blessing, whileothers regard it as a hell. In this section, you are asked to write an essaybased on the following information. Make comments and express your own opinion.You should write at least 150 words on Answer Sheet 2. | 
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发表于 2015-11-10 14:41:07
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